The south Asian classical music can be categorized into two types- Hindustani music and the Carnatic music. The Hindustani music is famous in the three fourths of the northern subcontinent . in the part of the subcontinent mainly the Indo Aryan languages are spoken.
The Carnatic music has taken birth in the part of the southern India where Dravidian language is spoken.
Hindustani Music
The Hindustani music can be marked from the beginning of the Dhrupad and Dhamar which are the main roots of the Hindustani music. Later on this gave rise to vocal and the instrumental streams. Due to the influence of Mughal Kingdom, Khayal emerged from Dhrupad and classical music had undergone changes. Hindustani style mainly got influenced from Miyan Tansen.
The Hindustani music comprises of nava rasas which are the emotions of love, humor, pathos, anger, heroism, terror, disgust, wonder and serenity.
Hindustani Music- Styles
The different styles found in singing are Dhrupad , Khayal , Thumri, Tarana and Tappa. They are famous in North India.
Dhrupad
The word Dhrupad is derived from Dhruva which means fixed and Pada means text. As no additional touches are allowed, only the Meends and gamaks are allowed in Dhrupad. Layakaris like Dogoon and teengoon and Adi are present in the Dhrupad but no Taans are allowed.The Pakhawaj is used as an instrument and the lyrics are purely meant for religious offerings. The Dagar family is synchronous with Dhrupad.
Khayal
Khayal means imagination in Urdu language. The Khayal is romantic and delicate with the decorative effects and freedom. Therefore it is unlike Dhrupad.
Thumri
This type of Classical music emerged during the later years of the Mughal rule. With liberal usage of meends and tans, there Thumri is flexible. Lot of emotions and romance is expressed along with many other emotions . Thumri is a word taken from Thumak which means Graceful stamping of foot.
Tarana
The Sthayi and antra are found in Kayal and also in Tarana. But unlike Kayal, the syllables like nadir, Tanana and yalali are used in Tarana. Tarana is usually delivered after Khayal so that the tans in drut laya or fast tempo are displayed.
Tappa
The Tappa is sung in Punjabi language and Miyan Shourie from Lucknow, originally created the Tappa. The lyrics are based on love. This is ornamental along with change in phrases and also the volleys of Taans sung in swinging rhythm.
The instruments used in Hindustani music are Sitar, Sarod, Tabla, sarangi, Shehnai, and tambura
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Khayal
Khayal means imagination in Urdu language. The Khayal is romantic and delicate with the decorative effects and freedom. Therefore it is unlike Dhrupad.
Thumri
This type of Classical music emerged during the later years of the Mughal rule. With liberal usage of meends and tans, there Thumri is flexible. Lot of emotions and romance is expressed along with many other emotions . Thumri is a word taken from Thumak which means Graceful stamping of foot.
Tarana
The Sthayi and antra are found in Kayal and also in Tarana. But unlike Kayal, the syllables like nadir, Tanana and yalali are used in Tarana. Tarana is usually delivered after Khayal so that the tans in drut laya or fast tempo are displayed.
Tappa
The Tappa is sung in Punjabi language and Miyan Shourie from Lucknow, originally created the Tappa. The lyrics are based on love. This is ornamental along with change in phrases and also the volleys of Taans sung in swinging rhythm.
The instruments used in Hindustani music are Sitar, Sarod, Tabla, sarangi, Shehnai, and tambura.